The European Mole and the 2,000 m² Project

Luxembourg has what is known as a Temperate Climate in which winters are generally mild and summers comparatively cool, with rainfall that can be high; its flora and fauna have thrived in and adapted to this climate over the centuries and millennia, with ongoing challenges due to pollution and recent climate change, as well as the introduction of non-native species, resulting in disruptions to the norm.

Nevertheless, with various initiatives and organisations helping the ecosystem and habitat, including sustainability and re-wilding, there is a lot happening in nature across the Grand Duchy.

Chronicle.lu has teamed up with natur&emwelt (the non-profit organisation (naturemwelt), the foundation (Hëllef fir d'Natur) and the Wildlife Care Centre (Flegeestatioun)) for a series of articles on Luxembourg's fauna in which we look at various mammals, birds, insects, amphibians and aquatic animals, as well as touching on vanishing species returning to Luxembourg, focussing on their lifestyle and habitat, including when and where to observe them.

No. 23 in this series focuses on the European Mole.

Elusive but essential, the European mole lives underground and plays a key role in soil balance. In the 2,000 m² biological garden, it becomes an invisible but valuable ally.

The European mole measures 11–16 cm and weighs 70–120 g. Its dense, black fur allows it to move easily through tunnels. Tiny eyes and almost absent external ears reflect its subterranean lifestyle. Its powerful forelegs, equipped with wide, spade-like claws, are perfectly adapted for digging. A highly sensitive snout detects vibrations and prey buried in the soil with remarkable accuracy, making the mole a skilled underground hunter.

Lifestyle

The mole leads a solitary, territorial life, spending almost all its time underground. It feeds primarily on earthworms, larvae, insects and small invertebrates, helping regulate soil populations. Highly active, it digs daily tunnels that serve as both refuges and traps for prey. The mounds of soil visible at the surface reveal its work. Contrary to its reputation as a pest, the mole contributes to soil aeration and fertility, benefiting crops and the ecological balance. Its presence in agricultural fields is a natural advantage for organic farming.

Habitat

Moles prefer loose, moist soils rich in invertebrates. They are found in meadows, gardens, orchards and cultivated fields. The 2,000 m² project at the Maison de la Nature in Kockelscheuer provides ideal conditions. The land is organically farmed, without pesticides or mineral fertilisers, promoting soil biodiversity and supporting the mole population. By digging and turning the soil, the mole enriches the land, making it healthier and more fertile for crops and wild plants alike.

Where and When to See It?

Moles are rarely seen directly. Their presence is mainly indicated by molehills; small mounds of soil pushed to the surface. In the 2,000 m² garden, molehills can be spotted year-round, with increased activity in spring and autumn, when soil moisture and earthworm availability are higher. Patience is required to glimpse the mole itself. Observing its tunnels and freshly turned soil offers insight into the hidden life beneath our feet.

Observation Tips

Focus on signs rather than the animal itself. Look for fresh molehills as evidence of recent activity. Stay quiet and avoid walking on these areas to preserve the tunnels. Remember, the mole works for you, naturally improving soil fertility and creating a lively underground ecosystem.