Credit: STATEC

Luxembourg's national statistics institute, STATEC, has published the 2025 edition of its annual demographics report, La Démographie Luxembourgeoise en Chiffres.

As of 1 January 2025, the Grand Duchy's population stood at 681,973 (342,812 men and 339,161 women) - an increase of 9,923 people (+1.5%) compared to the previous year. STATEC noted that this growth rate is lower than the 1.7% recorded in 2023 and among the weakest in the past decade (when growth generally ranged from 2 to 2.5%), excluding the COVID-affected years 2020 (+1.4%) and 2021 (+1.7%). Since 1981, Luxembourg's population has grown by 87%.

Births & Deaths

In 2024, the country recorded 6,459 live births and 4,471 deaths among residents, resulting in a positive natural balance of 1,988 people. Compared to 2023, births increased by 2.2% and deaths by 0.9%. Life expectancy stood at 81 years for men and 85 for women.

Slightly more boys (51.2%) were born than girls. 61.4% of children were born to married couples, while 28.6% were born outside marriage - a share that has steadily increased over time. 53.7% of newborns held Luxembourgish nationality, while 46.3% had a foreign nationality.

The average age of mothers was 32.4 years in 2024 (31.4 for those giving birth to their first child- a figure that has continued to rise). The fertility rate stood at 1.25 children per woman: 1.41 for foreign women and 1.12 for Luxembourgish women. STATEC noted that this rate has dropped sharply over recent decades, as has been the case elsewhere in Europe.

The most popular baby names in 2024 were "Emma" for girls (chosen 43 times) and "Noah" for boys (61). Among Luxembourgish babies, "Charlotte", "Emma" and "Mia" topped the list for girls (22 each) and "Noah" (36), "Leo" (33) and "Gabriel" (30) for boys. For non-Luxembourgish babies, the most popular names were "Emma" (21), "Maria" (19), "Olivia" and "Sophia" (14 each) for girls and "Noah" (25), "Gabriel" (20) and "Matteo" (19) for boys.

Migration & Foreign Population

Migration remained the key driver of population growth in Luxembourg, with 25,725 arrivals against 16,444 departures, yielding a positive migration balance of 9,281.

As of 1 January 2025, 320,726 foreign nationals resided in the Grand Duchy, 12.1% of whom were born in Luxembourg. EU Member States accounted for 76.2% of Luxembourg's foreign population (-1.1% compared to 2024 and -2.2% compared to 2023). In 1981, today's 27 Member States represented 91.5% of the foreign population. STATEC explained that the diversification of immigration means that the share of non-EU nationals is rising. With 89,671 inhabitants, the Portuguese remain the largest foreign community, followed by French (49,185) and Italian (25,374) citizens.

Nationals from other European (non-EU-27) countries constituted the second largest group of foreign residents. They represented 7.4% of the foreign population, led by Ukrainian and British citizens. Following the influx of 4,268 Ukrainians to Luxembourg in 2022 (amid Russian aggression), Ukrainians represented the largest group of non-EU European nationals as of 1 January 2025, with 5,597 people. The share of non-EU Europeans of the foreign population increased by 1.3% between 2022 and 2023, compared to an increase of only 0.9% between 2023 and 2024, but remained stable between 2024 and 2025.

The next largest group were foreign residents from Asian countries, accounting for 7.2% of Luxembourg's foreign population, with Indian and Chinese nationals most represented. Nationals from the African and American continents were the fourth (6.1%) and fifth (2.9%) biggest groups, respectively.

The presence of foreign residents varies widely depending on the municipality. EU-27 nationals made up 52.3% of the population of Luxembourg City, compared to just 16.8% in Groussbus-Wal. Non-EU Europeans accounted for 5.9% of Echternach's population but only 0.6% in Kiischpelt.

Nationalities

In 2024, 7,415 people acquired Luxembourgish citizenship, Of these, 5,892 were residents and 1,523 were non-residents. The share of non-Luxembourgers residing in the country has steadily risen over time, from 26.3% in 1981 to 47% in 2025. However, there has been a slight decline since 2018 (47.9%), which STATEC mainly attributed to more people acquiring Luxembourgish nationality since the 2009 law allowing multiple citizenship.

STATEC also noted that 14.9% of the population held at least one additional nationality. As of 1 January 2025, 580,568 people had a single nationality, 96,184 had two and 5,221 possessed at least three. Among those with multiple nationalities, 87.7% held Luxembourg nationality with another foreign nationality (84,384 individuals) and 95.6% held Luxembourg nationality with at least two others (4,992 individuals).

75.3% of Luxembourgers held only Luxembourgish citizenship, while 23.4% had at least one other nationality (up from 5.2% in 2011 - an increase linked to the 2008 law change). 69% of Luxembourgers with more than one nationality held citizenship of another EU-27 country. 25% were dual Luxembourg-Portuguese nationals, 14.1% Luxembourg-French and 7.2% Luxembourg-Italian.

Ageing & Population Structure

STATEC also highlighted Luxembourg's ageing population: the share of young people (0-19 years) has steadily declined, while the proportion of people aged 40-64 and 80+ has increased. As of 1 January 2025, the average age was 40.7 years for women and 39.3 for men. Non-Luxembourgish residents continue to be significantly younger: the average age of Luxembourgish women was 42.2 compared to 38.9 for foreign women; for men, it was 40 for Luxembourgers and 38.6 for non-Luxembourgers.

The statistics also showed an increase over time in the number of single (unmarried) people, while the share of married people has dropped. Civil partnerships (PACS) have risen. In 2024, Luxembourg registered 2,567 marriages and 1,197 divorces.

Population Density & Geography

Population density has increased in recent decades, from 141 inhabitants per km2 in 1981 to 263.7 today. With 210,561 inhabitants, the canton of Luxembourg remains the most populated in the country. The City of Luxembourg alone counts 136,161 residents. Esch-sur-Alzette is the second most populated canton with 195,091 inhabitants, far ahead of Capellen (third most populated) with 55,513 inhabitants. Vianden, in northern Luxembourg, is the least populated canton with just 5,744 residents.

At the municipal level, the City of Luxembourg is by far the most populated, with 136,161 inhabitants, representing a fifth of the population (20%). Next come Esch-sur-Alzette (37,922), Differdange (30,789) and Dudelange (22,203). At the other end of the scale are the least populated municipalities: Saeul (1,025), Putscheid (1,177), Kiischpelt (1,257) and Fischbach (1,306).

The full report is available (in French) on the STATEC website.